Authors
Abstract
Keywords
Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2003) 185-186
Received: June 2002
Accepted: August 2003
Short Communication
Gholam Reza Asgharia*, S. Ebrahim Sajjadib, Hasan Sadraeib, Kh Yaghobib
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. bDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.a
Corresponding author E-mail: asghari@pharm.mui.ac.ir
Abstract
The hydrodistilled oil of the aerial parts of Echiophora platyloba DC. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Ten components have been identified, of which the major constituents were found to be trans-b -ocimene (67.9%), 2-furanone (6.2%), myrcene (6.0%), linalool (3.1%), and cis-b -ocimene (2.3%).
Keyword: .Echinophora platyloba; Umbelliferae; Essential oil composition; Trans-b -ocimene
Introduction
The genus Echinophora is (Umbelliferae, subfamily Apioideae, tribe Echinophoreae) represented in the flora of Iran by four species including two endemics (1-3). These are: E. sibthorpiana Guss., E orientalis Hedge et Lamond and two endemic species, which are E. platyloba DC. and E. cinerea (Boiss.) Hedge et Lamond (2). In Iran, fresh and dried aerial parts of some of these species are added to cheese and yoghurt for flavoring. The genus Echinophora has been the subject of scant phytochemical and biological investigations. E. platyloba is locally known as "Khosharizeh" (2). A view of literature has not revealed any previous work on the oil of E. platyloba. However, oils from other Echinophora species have been the subject of several studies (4-11). The plant is one of the Iranian endemic species, which could be found in some central and western provinces of the country (12).
Experimental
Collection of plant materials
Aerial parts of the plant were collected from Alvand Mountain, Golpaygan-Khomein Road, at an altitude of 1750 m on June 1999. Voucher specimens of the plant (E25) are available at the Herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran.
Air-dried aerial parts of E. platyloba were ground and subjected to hydrodistillation for 4 h, using Clevenger-type apparatus.
Analysis
Gas chromatography analysis was carried out on a Perkin-Elmer 8500 gas chromatograph with FID detector and a BP-1 capillary column (39 m x 0.25 mm; film thickness 0.25 m m). The carrier gas was helium with a flow rate of 2 ml/min. The oven temperature for the first 4 min was kept at 60° C and then increased at a rate of 4° C/min until reached a temperature of 280° C. Injector and detector temperatures were also set at 280° C.
The mass spectra were recorded on a Hewlett Packard 6890 MS detector coupled with Hewlett Packard 6890 gas chromatograph equipped with a HP-5MS capillary column (30 m x 0.25 mm; film thickness 0.25 m m). The gas chromatography condition was as mentioned above. The mass spectrometer condition was as follows: ionized potential 70eV and source temperature 200° C.
Identification of constituents present was based on computer matching against the library spectra (Wiley275L), built up using pure substances and components of known constituents, MS literature data and evaluation of fragmentation patterns of compounds and their confirmation by gas chromatography retention times (13). The percentage of essential oil composition was computed from gas chromatography peak areas, without using correction factors. A series of hydrocarbon standards (C9-C18) were also used to calculate Kovats indices from the gas chromatography analysis. Kovats indices were calculated by the Kovats equation. Identification was based on retention indices and comparison of mass spectra with the literature (13, 14).
Results and Discussion
Results of chromatographic analysis of E. platyloba oil are presented in Table 1.
|
No. |
Compound |
Percentage |
Retention Index |
|
1 |
2-butenal |
1.8 |
870 |
|
2 |
myrcene |
6.0 |
989 |
|
3 |
ρ -cymene |
1.2 |
1021 |
|
4 |
limonene |
1.5 |
1025 |
|
5 |
cis-b -ocimene |
2.3 |
1034 |
|
6 |
trans-b -ocimene |
67.9 |
1047 |
|
7 |
unknown |
1.4 |
1095 |
|
8 |
linalool |
3.1 |
1098 |
|
9 |
ρ -mentha-1,5,8-triene |
1.5 |
1127 |
|
10 |
unknown |
2.2 |
1207 |
|
11 |
cis-3-hexenyl 2-methyl butanoate |
2.0 |
1229 |
|
12 |
unknown |
2.9 |
1271 |
|
13 |
2-furanone |
6.2 |
1466 |
The identified constituents were 2-butenal, myrcene,
ρ-cymene, limonene, cis-b -ocimene, trans-b -ocimene, linalool, ρ-mentha-1, 5, 8-triene, cis-3-hexenyl 2-methyl butanoate, and 2-furanone. Trans-b -ocimene (67.9%) was the main constituent of the oil and the major components were 2-furanone (6.2%), myrcene (6.0%), linalool (3.1%), and cis-b -ocimene (2.3%). Earlier reports indicated that E. sibthorpiana contains methyl eugenol and E. lamondiana contains d -3-carene as the major constituents of their oils (10, 11). In the E. chrysantha oil, a -phellandrene was identified as the major compound (15).The composition of E. platyloba oil was found to be rich in monoterpenes (83.5%), with a predominance of hydrocarbons (80.4%). The essential oil of E. platyloba could be considered as a source of hydrocarbon monoterpenes, especially the trans-b -ocimene
Acknowledgment
This work was financially supported by the research council of the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.
References
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